Income sources

Published

November 27, 2025

Only data from the last 12 months is used (November 2024 to October 2025) for this analysis

Minimum Wage Perceptions

Financial Support Programs

Only data from the last 1 month is used (October 2025) for these analyses.

The vast majority of respondents (98.2%) did not receive pension or retirement benefits, while only 1.8% did. Among all respondents, about 18.0% received social assistance or insurance, and this share is concentrated mostly among those without pensions. The color scale indicates that receiving pension benefits and social assistance rarely coincide — recipients of one tend not to receive the other, suggesting limited overlap between the two types of social protection programs

Variables used on this page

Variables Used in Income Sources Analysis Employment Status

  • ac1: Work for pay/profit/gain in past 7 days (Yes/No)
  • clean_class: Socioeconomic classification (Poor, Lower middle class, Upper middle class)

Income Composition

  • wage_incshare: Percentage of income from wages
  • se_incshare: Percentage of income from self-employment
  • ag_incshare: Percentage of income from agriculture
  • sa_incshare: Percentage of income from social assistance
  • rem_incshare: Percentage of income from remittances
  • pens_incshare: Percentage of income from pensions
  • oth_incshare: Percentage of income from other sources

Minimum Wage Perceptions

  • vw43_idr: Respondent’s perception of current minimum wage
  • mw2023: Actual minimum wage
  • diff_minwage: Difference between perceived and actual minimum wage
  • vw42: Whether employers pay minimum wage (perception)
  • vw44: Opinion on whether minimum wage should be higher

Social Protection Receipt

  • inc1: Household received pension/retirement benefits
  • inc4: Household received social assistance/insurance
  • inc5A-inc5V: Sources of social assistance (government transfers, NGOs, religious institutions, etc.)

Demographic Grouping

  • quint: Income quintile (1=Poorest to 5=Richest)
  • popw: Population weight for representative statistics